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Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a predominant neurotransmitter in sensory nerves, is widely distributed in central and peripheral tissues. In the cardiovascular system, besides relaxing vascular smooth muscle, CGRP protects against ischemic myocardium while inhibiting cardiac remodeling. The pharmacological effects of nitroglycerin and rutaecarpine have proved to be associated with the increase in the synthesis and release of CGRP. In gastrointestinal tissues, CGRP participates in the regulation of gastrointestinal function and has protective effects on the gastric mucosa. Rutaecar?pine, capsaicin and its derivatives can reduce gastric mucosa damage induced by a variety of factors by increasing synthesis and release of CGRP.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the inhibitory effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on cardiac fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis induced by isoprenaline and the underlying mechanism.@*METHODS@#The primary cultured cardiac fibroblasts were incubated with isoprenaline (10(-5) mol/L) for 48 h after pretreatment with CGRP (10(-8) or 10(-7) mol/L) for 1 h. Cell activity was detected by MTT. The mRNA expression of collagen (types I and III) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) was determined by RT-PCR, and the levels of intracellular ROS were determined by DCFH-DA fluorescent probe.@*RESULTS@#Isoprenaline significantly promoted fibroblast proliferation and up-regulated collagen (types I and III) and CTGF mRNA expression concomitantly with an increase in ROS production, which were attenuated by CGRP. The effect of CGRP on cardiac fibroblasts was inhibited by CGRP8-37, a selective antagonist of CGRP receptor.@*CONCLUSION@#CGRP is able to protect cardiac fibroblasts against isoprenaline-induced proliferation and collagen expression, which might be related to the down-regulation of CTGF expression through inhibition of ROS production.
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Animals , Rats , Animals, Newborn , Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide , Pharmacology , Cell Proliferation , Cells, Cultured , Collagen Type I , Genetics , Metabolism , Collagen Type III , Genetics , Metabolism , Connective Tissue Growth Factor , Genetics , Metabolism , Fibroblasts , Cell Biology , Isoproterenol , Pharmacology , Myocytes, Cardiac , Cell Biology , Primary Cell Culture , RNA, Messenger , Genetics , Metabolism , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Reactive Oxygen Species , MetabolismABSTRACT
Objective:To identify BSG single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Chinese Han population. Methods:Peripheral blood samples were collected from 48 unrelated healthy Chinese Han subjects. Sequences at the BSG locus, including the promoter region, all exons and exon-intron boundaries were ampliifed, sequenced and followed by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test and linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis. Results:A total of 19 SNPs were identiifed, 2 of which two were novel. Genotype distributions of all SNPs were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Four haplotype blocks were constructed throughout the gene locus, and 9 haplotype tag SNPs (htSNPs) were inferred. Distribution of SNPs was in accordance with the neutrality theory in Chinese Han population. Conclusion:For the ifrst time, systematic identiifcation of BSG SNPs in the Chinese Han population has been done, and 9 htSNPs are identified. Our study has provided basis for further genetic association studies for related diseases as wel as pharmacogenetics study for drug response in Chinese Han population.
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Objective To investigate the differences in the epidemiological characteristics of patients in pre-hospital medical care before and after “5 · 12” Wenchuan earthhquake in Deyang city.Methods Comparison was made between the epidemiological features of cases treated in Deyang emergency medical center from the January 1,2007 through the December 31,2007 before the earthquake (the pre-earthquake group) and those treated from the January 1,2009 through the December 31,2009 after the earthquake ( the post-earthquake group) with the criteria of international classification of diseases (ICD-10).Results ( 1 ) There were 11 325 patients medically cared before earthquake and 16 265 patients after disaster.The distribution of sex,age,the top five causes,the seasonal and diurnal variations of emergency call,radius of service circle of pre-hospital medical care cases were no significantly different between the two groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ).( 2 ) The time required for scheduling ambulance and time consumed for the transportation of patients in the post-earthquake group were less than those in the pre-earthquake group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions The efficiency of medical care done by 120 Emergency Command Center in Deyang city has been improved significantly in ease of without change in epidemiological features of patients after reconstruction of disaster area.
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Objective To investigate whether the protection of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is mediated by toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/NF-kB pathway,and whether these effects are related to the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP).Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 60 min of ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by 3 h of reperfusion to induce I/R injury.IPC was performed by 4 cycles of 3-min left coronary artery occlusion followed by 5-min reperfusion before the I/R.The expression of TLR4 mRNA was determined by RT-PCR.TLR4 and NF-kB protein expression were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.Myocardial infarct size,CGRP concentration in plasma and activity of creatine kinase in serum were also measured.Results IPC significantly reduced the infarct size and creatine kinase activity concomitantly with the increase in plasma CGRP concentration.The expressions of TLR4 protein and mRNA and NF-kB protein were increased by myocardial I/R injury,and dramatically inhibited by IPC.Conclusion IPC protects against myocardial I/R injury by inhibition of TLR4/NF-kB pathway.These effects are related to the increased the release of CGRP.
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Objective To explore the inhibitory effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on cardiomyocyte apoptosis and the underlying mechanism.Methods In cultured rat cardiomyocytes,apoptosis was induced by the incubation of isoprenaline ( 10ˉ5 mol/L) for 48 h.CGRP ( 10ˉ8 or 10ˉ7 mol/L) was administrated for 1 h before incubating isoprenaline to evaluate its effect on cardiomyocyte apoptosis.At the end of the drug treatment,the rate of apoptotic cells and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined,and RNA was extracted to examine the expression of microRNA-1 and microRNA-133a.Results Isoprenaline significantly increased the rate of apoptotic cells and intracellular ROS production concomitantly with the increased microRNA-1 expression and the decreased microRNA-133a expression,which were inhibited by pretreatment with CGRP.The effects of CGRP were reversed by CGRP receptor antagonist.Conclusion CGRP can inhibit the isoprenaline-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis.The beneficial effect of CGRP is related to regulating microRNA-1 and microRNA-133a expression through the prevention of isoprenaline-induced ROS production.
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Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of reiniosidc C (RC) on asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)-induced soluble interacellular adhesion molecule-1 (slCAM-1) expression and its mechanisms. Methods Human umbical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC 12) were cultured.The level of slCAM-1 in the conditioned medium was determined by ELISA. Changes in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined by measuring the oxidative conversion of cell permeable 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) to fluorescent dichlorofluorescein (DCF) in fluorospectro- photometer, and the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) DNA-binding activity was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). Results sICAM 1 expressions [(138.02±16.40), (194.52±11.14), (274.28±13.11)ng/L]and the generation of ROS[(75.64±5.22),(100.18±11.15),(107.23±13.45)units] in HUVEC-12 were time dependently increased by ADMA (30 μmol/L). Furthermore, thc generation of ROS [(85.33±8.68), (70.69±7.65),(59.12±4.15)units], activation of NF-κB activity and expression of sICAM-1 [(336.58±23.32),(203.27±25.18) ,(174.13±14.53)ng/L] induced by ADMA were inhibited by reinioside C (1,3,10μmol/L) in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was found to be the same by L-arginine (0.5 mmol/L) as NOS substrate and by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) (10 μmol/L)as inhibitor of NF-κB.Conclusions Reinioside C attenuates the increase of sICAM-1 induced by exogenous ADMA
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Objective To explore the function of 120 command information systems for emergency medical rescue in the 5· 12 Wenchuan Earthquake. Method To analyze various functions of Chengdu 120 command center information systems during the disaster resulted from the catastrophic earthquakes. Results As soon as 38 minutes after the Wenchuan earthquake with the magnitude of 8 (measured 8 on the Richter scale) happened at 14:28:04,calls flooded the Chengdu 120 center for help as many as 3-4 times the usual in a brief period. Immediately , the center opened 8 spare Alarm Reception stations, launching all sorts of function of both wire and wireless digital trucking systems,keeping track of database information, taking LED, road monitoring system, GIS, GPS for visual tracking and displaying vehicles and the messages about casualties. They received 6479 SOS calls and 14 749 calls within 58 hours.The first 58 hours after the earthquake happened, 120 center had dispatched ambulances 1184 time and sents 705 medical teams of more than 3000 medical staff for relief to hardest quake-hit region , which more than 6000 casualties were rescued and transported. The following 20 days, assigned 244 hospitals, 2526 rescuer vehicles at 5 airports, railway stations and Zipinpu Reservoir to pick up the injuries of 1518 persons and transfer 2151 persons to other province for medical treatment. Conclusions The 120 communication modalities and command development should be diversified and the command information systems construction should meet both peacetime and wartime needs with gradual, scienlifical, reasonable and flexible improvements. Provided that those improvements are well done,we shall ensure 120-lifeline going smoothly just in case the disasters occurs.
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The sensory merves innervate blood vessels all over the body and participate in the regulation of cardiovascular function both in the normal state and in the pathophysiology of hypertension through the actions of potent vasodilator neuropeptides Calcitonin gene related peptide, the predominant neurotransmitter in the capsaicin sensitive sensory nerves, plays an important role in the initiation and progression of hypertension via the alterations in its synthesis and release.
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Research progress in pharmacological actions of evodiamine and rutaecarpine is reviewed, including cardiovascular effects, antiplatelet activity, antithrombotic activity, anti invasive and metastatic activity, anti inflammatory activity, antinociception, the effect on the endocrine system and non vascular smooth muscles, anti obese activity and thermoregulatory effect, etc.
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Nitric oxide is an important signalling and effector molecule which plays an indispensable role in modulating the function of platelets.Recent research revealed that a L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway presented in human platelets and nitric oxide derived from this pathway was called platelet-derived nitric oxide.The impaired synthesis and release of platelet-derived nitric oxide is closely related to the onset and development of some cardiovascular diseases,such as hypertension,atherosclerosis and diabetes.Recent progress in the relationship between platelet-derived nitric oxide and some cardiovascular diseases is reviewed in this article.Thorough research in PDNO not only has great clinical significance but also contributes to finding new ideas and new target for drug therapy.
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The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of angiotensin-(1-7) 〔Ang-(1-7)〕 on coronary flow and cardiac function in isolated guinea-pig hearts. The isolated guinea-pig heart was perfused in a Langendorff mode. Coronary flow, heart rate, left ventricular pressure and its first derivatives (±dp/dtmax) were recorded. Results showed that Ang-(1-7) (100 or 300 nmol*L-1) caused an increase in coronary flow and an impairment in cardiac function in isolated guinea-pig hearts. Indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, did not affect the effect of Ang-(1-7). However, the increased coronary flow by Ang-(1-7) was abolished by pretreatment of Nω-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester, a nitric oxide(NO) synthase inhibitor. These results suggest that Ang-(1-7) increases coronary flow and reduces cardiac function, and that the vasodilating action is related to stimulation of NO release.
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Ischemic preconditioning has been defined as a tolerance of the myocardium to subsequent sustained ischemic damage after the heart was insulted one or more brief periods of ischemic stress. The cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning may be mediated by endogenous cardiovascular active substances. Neurotransmitters, including catecholamines, acethylcholine, calci-tonin gene-related peptide and opioids, may be endogenous myocardial protective substances, and participate in the mediation of ischemic preconditioning. Exogenous administration of neurotrans-mitters can mimic the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning. There is interactions of some neurotransmitters with other endogenous active substances. The mechanism by which neurotransmitters are involved in the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning is thought to activate their corresponding receptors, with a subsequent triggering cellular signaling pathway, resulting in myocardial protection.
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With modified mutual information(MI) measure,Powell search algorithm is utilized to realize mono-modality image registration.The MI's formulae are improved to reduce computation cost,and the replace of Powell's search direction is also rectified to keep the original search direction and eliminate local maxima.With rotation set in advance,local maxima can be avoided.The influence on registration velocity by Powell convergence threshold is also discussed.The results show that the modified MI measure can reach sub-pixel precision with obviously accelerated speed.It has good robustness,high speed and high precision.
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Objective To compare the clinical results of choledocholithotomy by laparoscopic surgery and open surgery.Methods One hundred and Sixty-nine patients with cholecystoithiasis combined with choledocholithiasis were divided into laparoscopic surgery group(85 cases of laparoscopic choledocholithotomy,LCD-TD) and open surgery group(84 cases of open choledocholithotomy,OCH-TD).The clinical data in the two groups were compared and analyzed.Results The amount of intraoperative bleeding,the recover time of intestinal peristalsis after treatment,length of hospital stay,cases of postoperative pain and biliary fistulas in laparoscopic surgery group were evidently better than those of open surgery group(all P
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OBJECTIVE:To study the integrated efficacy of Folium Ginkgo Tablets and the general regularity of the effect on the hypertensive patients' quality of life (QOL).METHODS:116 moderate hypertensive patients took the placebo for two weeks were randomly divided into treatment and control groups.Both groups were treated with Metoprolol,while the treatment group was added with Folium Ginkgo Tablets,and time of therapy was 24 weeks.Croog scale on quality of life checklist was used as benchmark for designing the QQL test questionnaire.RESULTS:The effect rates for treatment and control groups’overall relief efficacy were 96.43%and 80.00%respectively(P0.05).CONCLUSION:Folium Ginkgo Tablets not only had good efficacy and stable pressure-relief effect on the hypertensive patients,but also significantly improved patients QOL.